Due to their impaired movements, children with cerebral palsy tend to be less physically active, which increases their chances of developing health problems.

This article will recommend engaging exercises and activities to try with your child to boost physical activity levels and mobility. 

How Much Exercise Do Kids with Cerebral Palsy Need?

Physical activity is an essential component of a healthy lifestyle. However, for children with cerebral palsy, it may be difficult or uncomfortable to engage in physical exercise on a regular basis.

Research recommends that children with cerebral palsy aim to get at least 60 minutes of physical exercise, 5 days a week.  Although this may sound like a lot, not all exercise has to be boring. Physical activities can be just as beneficial (or even more so) than rote exercises.

Specific exercise recommendations, in terms of exercise type and duration, may vary by the child depending on their unique condition. To learn more about what physical activity goals may be most beneficial, speak with your child’s physical or occupational therapist. This helps target all the right areas to optimize your child’s motor functions.

Every case of cerebral palsy is different and each child will have varying goals. Therefore, having an individualized exercise regimen will help cater to your child’s unique needs.

Range of Motion Exercises for Kids with Cerebral Palsy

Passive Range of Motion Exercises for Kids With Cerebral Palsy

Passive range of motion exercises, in which a trained caregiver or therapist gently stretches the child’s body for them, are ideal for those with severe mobility impairments. Practice range of motion exercises for kids with cerebral palsy are a great way to reduce joint stiffness, promote circulation, and stimulate the muscles. Perform these at least twice a day and keep these exercises pain-free while avoiding forcing limbs past their natural resistance.

One tip – passive range of motion exercises may not be very engaging on their own, but pairing them with music can make them more motivating. Find ways to encourage children with less severe motor impairments to perform active range of motion exercises on their own as much as possible.

Active Range of Motion Exercises for Kids With Cerebral Palsy

If your child is able to do so, active range of motion exercises can be a great option to improve mobility. Some active range of motion exercises for kids with cerebral palsy may include:

• Neck rotations (rotate the head in circles clockwise and counterclockwise)
• Head turns (turning the head side to side)
• Shoulder shrugs (raise and lower your shoulders)
• Arm circles (spread your arms to the sides so that your body makes a T shape and then move the arms in circles forward and backward)
• Elbow extensions (bend and straighten your elbows)
• Wrist rotations (hold your forearm with your other hand to stabilize it and then move the hand in circles)
• Finger clenching (make a fist so that all your fingers curl in and then straighten them back out)
• Finger parting (join your fingers together so that they touching on the sides and then spread them out as far as you can)
• Marches (sitting or standing, bend at the hip to raise your knee up like you’re marching, alternating legs)
• Lateral leg raises (lie on your side, raise your top leg up as far as you can, then lower it)
• Knee extensions (sit on a chair and repeatedly bend and straighten the knees)
• Ankle rotations (rotate the ankles in circles)

Again, pair these exercises with music to make them more enjoyable.

Using these tasks as dance moves rather than exercises can make them fun and entertaining. For example, songs like Head and Shoulders, Knees and Toes, the Hokey Pokey, or popular YouTube motion songs by Danny Go! include many of these movements.

Adding music to otherwise boring exercises helps motivate children to keep moving every day and turns physical activity into fun instead of a chore.

Fun Physical Activities as Exercise for Kids with Cerebral Palsy

Exercise doesn’t have to be boring. In fact, the best way to engage and motivate your child to be more active is to incorporate play.

Let’s go over some fun physical activities your child can do for exercise.

Obstacle Course

Try setting up an obstacle course in your living room or outdoors. This doesn’t have to be anything fancy – start by placing some potholders or old washcloths on the floor to use as stepping stones. You can add other challenges, such as walking on a jump rope laid out in a zigzag pattern, stepping up to a step stool, crawling under the table, or tossing a ball into a laundry basket.

If an obstacle course gets too easy, change it up or try completing it in a certain time limit. Instead of walking, encourage your child to hop or balance on one foot at specific points for a challenge. Various toys can also be purchased to add to the fun, such as tunnels, balance beams, slides, or raised stepping stones.

By rearranging and adding new tasks to your obstacle course, this adaptable activity can keep your child’s attention and be used again and again to boost physical activity and mobility.

Dancing

Dancing is a great way to practice moving multiple parts of the body at once. Children love songs with corresponding dance moves like the Cha Cha Slide, Head and Shoulder Knees and Toes, Hokey Pokey, and Macarena.

You can also play freeze dance! The rules are simple. When the music is on, you dance, but when it stops, you have to freeze! Whoever moves, loses. The anticipation of waiting for the song to stop keeps the child engaged.

MusicGlove

MusicGlove is a neurorehab device that combines gaming, hand therapy, and music to make improving fine motor skills fun.

The idea of the game is to make O’s with each of your fingers. The keys on the screen are synchronized to match the beats in the music.

Children are so engaged in the game that they don’t even realize how many repetitions they’re performing, which is key for promoting neuroplasticity and boosting hand function.

While this is not ideal for promoting gross motor skills, this is a great way to improve hand mobility and add some movement into your child’s day if their mobility is significantly limited.

Balloon in the Air (AKA Hot Lava)

This simple game is a great way to keep children with cerebral palsy moving around.

All you need to do is keep a balloon (no helium) from touching the floor (or “hot lava”) at all costs.

While playing this game with your child, try to steer the balloon away from your child so that they must move around to get to it before it falls into the floor “lava”.

To make it more challenging, suggest things like, “How about we can only touch the balloon with our right hand, or feet?”

Swimming

Getting into the pool is an excellent way for your child to practice walking and strengthen their muscles.

The buoyant force of water is what makes people feel so light in water. This will take a lot of pressure off the joints and allow your child to focus on moving and/or walking with correct form.

Water also has viscosity, which is what makes it difficult to move really fast in water. This natural resistance can help strengthen your child’s muscles.

There are all sorts of different exercises and activities your child can do in a pool.

They can hold onto a boogie board and kick their feet, balance on a pool noodle, practice walking, or even just splash around. As long as your child is moving, the properties of water can help improve motor function.

Adaptive Sports

There are tons of adaptive sports for children with cerebral palsy to participate in.

From basketball and soccer to cheerleading and horseback riding, nearly every sport can be adapted to accommodate your child’s abilities.

This can help your child learn how to play with others, work towards their goals, and enjoy an active lifestyle.Check out Move United’s adaptive sport program locator to find out more about what types of adaptive sports are available in your area.

Bike Riding

Riding a bike is an effective way for children with cerebral palsy to develop more strength in their legs and break a sweat, boosting their cardiovascular function as well as their mobility and coordination.

Having training wheels or even using a tricycle will help keep your child balanced and prevent falling. Pedals with straps can also help keep your child’s feet from sliding off.Younger children may enjoy using a balance bike, which is propelled by using the feet to push off the ground. Arm-powered bicycles, such as the RadioFlyer Cyclone, can also be a good way for children with limited lower body function to build endurance.

Go to a Playground

Going to the park and letting your child play on the playground is an effortless way to encourage physical activity.

They can use their muscles to climb, kick their legs back and forth on the swings, and run around. Some playgrounds have adaptive swings so even older children with balance difficulties are still able to swing. Playing on a playground is also great for children’s sensory systems!

Scavenger Hunt

Hide some items around the house and have your child go on a mini scavenger hunt looking for them.

Place the items in unexpected or hard to reach places that will have your child on their toes, knees, reaching, opening doors and cabinets, and moving objects around. This can be adapted to be as easy or difficult as your child needs.

The Best Exercises for Kids with Cerebral Palsy

Ultimately, the best exercises for kids with cerebral palsy are the exercises that will keep them moving.

Forcing your child to go to physical therapy and perform manual exercise after exercise is only going to make them bored. However, many pediatric physical therapists do try to integrate fun activities into their sessions, so don’t be afraid to encourage physical therapy when needed.

By encouraging your child to play and do activities that they enjoy, they’ll naturally become more active.

The most important part of getting a child to exercise is to focus on what they can do rather than what they can’t.By moving around and being active, research shows that children with cerebral palsy can have improved flexibility, strength, sleep quality, and self-esteem. Regular physical activity can also reduce the risk of experiencing obesity, pain, fatigue, loss of strength, balance, and limited physical fitness as individuals age..Try these activities with your child and see for yourself how effortless it can be to keep them engaged and physically active.

The post Engaging Exercises for Kids with Cerebral Palsy: Fun Ways to Boost Mobility appeared first on Flint Rehab.

According to the American Academy of Neurology, about 12% of individuals with cerebral palsy experience hearing impairments, although some studies have found a prevalence of up to 40%. Despite their likelihood to co-occur, the two conditions are not directly related to one another.

To help you understand why cerebral palsy and hearing loss often co-occur, this article will discuss:

• The Link Between Cerebral Palsy and Hearing Loss
• 3 Types of Hearing Loss That Can Occur in Individuals with Cerebral Palsy
• Signs of a Hearing Impairment to Look Out For
• Treatments for Hearing Loss in Individuals with Cerebral Palsy

Understanding Hearing Loss in Individuals with Cerebral Palsy

Hearing loss is an associative condition of cerebral palsy, meaning that they are caused by two different areas of damage to the brain but Hearing loss is an associative condition of cerebral palsy, meaning that they are caused by two different areas of damage to the brain but often co-occur. Cerebral palsy is caused by damage to the motor cortex, cerebellum, thalamus, or basal ganglia. In contrast, damage to the parietal and temporal lobes of the brain, or to the ear itself, may cause hearing loss.

Individuals with mild cerebral palsy are less likely to experience hearing impairments than those with more severe forms of CP. This may be because individuals with more severe CP often have more widespread brain damage, which may extend to the areas of the brain associated with hearing. Furthermore, they may have sustained an injury that affected the ears in addition to the brain, resulting in hearing loss.

Many risk factors for cerebral palsy are also associated with hearing problems, including:

• Genetic abnormalities
• Lack of oxygen to the developing brain
• Jaundice
• Infections
• Premature birth
• Low birth weight

With these similarities, it makes sense that hearing loss can co-occur with cerebral palsy, even if they are not directly related.

Types of Hearing Loss That Can Occur in Individuals with Cerebral Palsy

Generally, individuals with cerebral palsy experience 1 of 3 types of hearing loss: conductive, sensorineural, or mixed. Because they vary in causes, symptoms, and prognosis, it’s essential to understand the differences between them to get the right treatment.

1. Conductive Hearing Loss

Conductive hearing loss affects the transmission of sound in the middle and outer ear. Because hearing is affected before sounds reach the nerves in the inner ear, individuals experience muffled, unclear sound.

Luckily, conductive hearing loss is often temporary and can usually be treated through surgery, medications, or hearing aids.

2. Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Sensorineural hearing loss occurs when there’s damage to the nerve pathways in the inner ear, the hearing-associated neural pathways in the brain, or the part of the brain responsible for perceiving auditory stimuli.

This type of hearing loss is permanent and generally cannot be treated with medicine or surgery. However, hearing aids may be able to help your child manage their hearing impairment.

3. Mixed Hearing Loss

Mixed hearing loss describes when a person experiences a combination of symptoms characteristic of both conductive and sensorineural hearing loss.

Both the inner ear and middle/outer ear are affected, which makes it both a physical and neurological complication.

Identifying Signs of Hearing Loss in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Because of their difficulties with movement, it is especially important for  individuals with cerebral palsy to learn how to effectively communicate to relay their needs. However, hearing loss can significantly affect the development of a child’s language and social skills, which is why early identification and intervention are essential.

Signs of hearing loss include:

• delayed or no reactions to sudden bursts of sound
• lack of response when asked questions or when their name is called
• frequently asking others to repeat themselves
• confusion when spoken to
• incoherent responses

Hearing loss can range from mild to profound and affect various parts of one or both ears.

Generally, the younger a child is and the milder their impairment, the more challenging it will be to notice hearing loss. Many times, hearing impairments can be mistaken for cognitive impairment due to a lack of response and confusion.If your child is demonstrating signs of a hearing impairment, consult with an audiologist to get a professional evaluation. Use this link from the American Academy of Audiology to find an audiologist near you.

Treatments for Hearing Loss in Individuals with Cerebral Palsy

Managing both hearing loss and cerebral palsy can be complicated. Cerebral palsy affects movement, and hearing loss makes it difficult to understand directions, have conversations, and be aware of one’s surroundings.

Because everyone experiences cerebral palsy and hearing impairments differently, a personalized approach to treatment is essential.

For example, children that only have hearing impairments typically learn sign language to communicate. However, children with cerebral palsy and hearing impairments might not be able to use sign language because they may lack fine/gross motor control necessary to sign.

Below, we’ll discuss some of the most effective interventions to help individuals with cerebral palsy manage hearing impairments.

Work with Variety of Specialists

Individuals with cerebral palsy may see a variety of specialists to address and treat various complications.

Examples of specialists that can help treat complications associated with hearing loss include audiologists and speech-language pathologists.

Audiologists can help evaluate the severity of your child’s hearing impairment and provide helpful management tips.

Speech-language pathologists can help your child learn how to effectively communicate (verbally or nonverbally) and improve their social skills.

Surgery

If hearing loss is caused by problems with the ears, surgery may be recommended to remove whatever is blocking sound from reaching the inner ear.

This can include problems like deformity, dysfunction from head trauma, fluid buildup, tumors, and otosclerosis (a bone growth disorder).

Medications

Doctors may prescribe antibiotics or antifungal medications to treat ear infections and reduce fluid buildup.

Powerful steroids may also be used either orally or by injection to reduce inflammation and swelling in the ear, although the evidence for improving hearing loss through steroids is mixed depending on the type of hearing loss experienced.

Hearing Aids

Hearing aids are devices that are placed on the ear to amplify sound, allowing individuals to hear more clearly.

They don’t heal ear damage, but they may allow individuals to hear much better.

Cochlear Implants

In cases of severe sensorineural hearing loss, a cochlear implant may be recommended. To clarify, a cochlear implant cannot restore normal hearing. Instead, it works around the damaged part of the ear and directly stimulates the auditory nerve.

Cochlear implants consist of an internal piece that is surgically inserted under the skin and an external component that you place on your ear. They convert sounds into electric impulses and send them off to various frequency electrodes, which gives the sensation of sound.

The sound experienced with a cochlear implant is different from natural sound. However, younger children tend to quickly adapt to it, which is another reason early intervention is ideal.

Cerebral Palsy and Hearing Loss: Key Points

Cerebral palsy and hearing loss don’t share a direct relation, but they do occur together often enough that they are associative conditions for one another.

Hearing loss can be mild and difficult to notice, or profound to the point of deafness. Depending on the severity of your child’s hearing loss, treatment methods can be minimal or more invasive.

If you think your child may be showing signs of a hearing impairment, don’t hesitate to get a professional diagnosis. Early intervention can help prevent hearing complications from progressing and significantly improve your child’s communication skills.

Hopefully, this article helped you get a better understanding of what to expect, signs to look out for, and treatment options for hearing loss in children with cerebral palsy.

The post Cerebral Palsy and Hearing Loss: Why It Happens & How to Treat It appeared first on Flint Rehab.

W-sitting is a seated position where the knees are bent, the hips are rotated inward, and the heels are positioned on either side of the hips. From above, the legs appear to form a “W” shape.

This article will explain why W-sitting can be problematic in children with cerebral palsy and how to correct this harmful habit.

What is W-Sitting?

When they are young, some children prefer to use a W-sitting posture when seated on the floor. W-sitting involves sitting with the knees bent, with the feet resting on the floor on either side of the hips. In this position, the child’s bottom, knees, ankles and feet are all resting on the ground, with the feet placed outside of the hips.

W-sitting provides children with a wide base of support, which can allow them to sit comfortably for periods of time with minimal activation of the core muscles. In this position, children can easily use both hands to play or work with objects on the floor in front of them.

Although opinions are divided on whether w-sitting for prolonged periods on a regular basis has detrimental effects for neurotypical children, children with cerebral palsy may be more likely to experience difficulties as a result of w-sitting.

At What Age is W-Sitting a Problem?

W-sitting is commonly seen among babies as they are learning to sit independently. In fact, it is developmentally appropriate around 10-12 months of age, and is among many preferred seating positions of 3-6 year olds. By 8 to 10 years old, most kids have completely “grown out” of w-sitting. At this age, the hip muscles begin to further stabilize, losing some flexibility and making it uncomfortable to rotate into w-sitting position. 

W-sitting may allow babies and toddlers to easily move into and out of crawling position, and many children find it to be a comfortable sitting position. However, w-sitting may become a problem if, at any age, children have a hard time getting out of the position or rarely use any other seated position. 

Despite the belief that w-sitting can cause long-term problems, research has not supported this claim. However, in some children, primarily using the w-sitting position may be a sign of underlying medical conditions, such as cerebral palsy. For these children, regularly w-sitting may exacerbate differences in muscle tone and structure.

Why W-Sitting is Dangerous for Children with Cerebral Palsy

Because children with cerebral palsy may struggle with abnormal muscle tone, poor posture, uncontrollable movements, balance, and coordination, they may prefer w-sitting. However, habitually w-sitting may significantly interfere with development.

Below, we’ll discuss 3 complications that W-sitting can cause in children with cerebral palsy.

Decreased Core Activation

Children with cerebral palsy often W-sit to compensate for weakness in the core muscles.

Low muscle tone in the core can cause children to become hands-dependent sitters, meaning that they often lean forward and use their hands to stabilize the body. Because their hands are occupied, hands-dependent sitters cannot play or interact with their surroundings.

To free up the hands, children with cerebral palsy may begin to W-sit. W-sitting creates a wider, more stable base, which makes it easier to sit upright and participate in activities.  

However, W-sitting does not engage the core muscles, and disuse only causes the muscles to get weaker. The only way to improve balance and strengthen the core is to consistently practice movements and postures that require core engagement.

Limited Trunk Rotation          

Another potential consequence of W-sitting in children with cerebral palsy is limited trunk rotation. When children sit in a W-position, their bodies become stuck in place and trunk range of motion becomes limited.

Reducing trunk rotation makes it more difficult to reach across the body, also known as crossing midline. The ability to cross midline is important not only to physical development, but also to brain development, as it encourages communication between the right and left brain hemispheres.

When trunk rotation is limited, children can get accustomed to grabbing everything on their right side with their right hand and everything on their left side with their left hand. Similarly, rather than reach across their bodies to grab an object, children may move their entire bodies.

As a result, children may not develop bilateral movement skills (the ability to use both the right and left sides of the body simultaneously) and may struggle with poor coordination.

Abnormal Gait Development

Especially because children with cerebral palsy are prone to involuntary muscle contractions (spasticity), W-sitting can affect a child’s gait and balance.

When children with CP W-sit, they’re promoting the inwards rotation of the hips. If spastic muscles tighten in that position, it can contribute to the development of an in-toeing gait.  

Now that you understand why W-sitting can be harmful in individuals with cerebral palsy, let’s discuss what you can do to correct it.

How to Correct W-Sitting in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Habits are difficult to break, so early intervention is crucial. The sooner W-sitting is addressed, the easier will be to correct.

In this section, we’ll discuss 3 ways to address W-sitting.

1. Encourage Alternative Sitting Positions

Ultimately, parents should keep an eye out for W-sitting and encourage their children to sit in alternative positions that engage the core and promote cross-body movements.

Some alternative sitting positions you can encourage your child to try include:

• Side sitting involves bending one knee behind the body and the other in front. Both knees should face the same side.
• Crisscross apple sauce involves crossing the legs over each other. It promotes a more neutral orientation of the pelvis and minimizes strain on the joints.
• Long sitting involves sitting with the legs straightened in front of you. This posture helps stretch the calves and hamstrings. However, it may be difficult to maintain this position for long periods. Spreading the legs in a V-shape can create a more stable base.

While these alternative sitting positions may be uncomfortable at first, they will get easier as your child’s core muscles get stronger. Using a combination of these sitting positions can help improve your child’s balance and stretch muscles that may not get stretched otherwise.

Regardless of which sitting positions are used, be aware of how often your child is leaning forward on their hands or leaning back against a wall. Try to minimize consistent leaning in any sitting position to work on strengthening the core.

2. See a Pediatric Physical Therapist

Every individual experiences cerebral palsy differently. Some cases only affect one side of the body, while others can affect both legs, single limbs, or the entire body.

A pediatric physical therapist can help assess how cerebral palsy affects your child’s posture and functional abilities. Then, they can create a customized rehabilitation program to strengthen the core and lengthen the leg muscles.

Often physical therapy may include stretching and exercises, along with more engaging activities, such as playing games while sitting on a therapy ball or completing animal walks.

3. Manage Spasticity

Minimizing spasticity will help prevent complications associated with W-sitting like pain, abnormal gait, and underdeveloped muscles.

Spasticity management can consist of:

• Stretching to lengthen spastic muscles
• Physical therapy to maximize mobility through exercise
• Botox injections or muscle relaxants to temporarily relieve high muscle tone so individuals can focus on physical therapy exercises
• Surgery to reduce the hyperexcitability of spastic muscles or manually lengthen them
• Wearing orthotic devices to support proper musculoskeletal alignment and mildly stretch spastic muscles

Reducing the effects of spasticity can make it easier for your child to maintain other sitting positions and avoid the need to resort to W-sitting.

Understanding W-Sitting in Children with Cerebral Palsy: Key Points

While W-sitting can make it easier for children with cerebral palsy to sit upright, it can also be problematic and contribute to further motor impairments.

To minimize the harmful effects of W-sitting, early intervention is necessary. The sooner a habit is addressed, the easier it will be to correct.

Hopefully, this article helped you understand how W-sitting can affect children with cerebral palsy and how to manage it. Good luck!

The post W-Sitting and Cerebral Palsy: Why It’s Harmful and How to Correct It appeared first on Flint Rehab.

This article will provide a few fun activity ideas to encourage fine motor skills among children with cerebral palsy. An overview of how practicing hand exercises may help improve hand functions is also included.

Importance of Practicing Hand Exercises for Cerebral Palsy

Children with cerebral palsy often experience difficulties with hand functions, such as strength, range of motion, precision, and dexterity. This is because individuals with cerebral palsy may have experienced damage to the areas of the brain involved in these functions before, during or shortly after birth.

Fortunately, the brain has the ability to adaptively rewire itself through the process of neuroplasticity. When a task is practiced repetitively, the brain is able to create and strengthen neural pathways associated with that task. This allows healthy areas of the brain to take over functions that were previously housed in damaged areas.

Every movement stimulates the brain, but consistent repetitions will let the brain know that there is a demand for the associated functions. The more frequently a specific action is performed, the more the brain will reorganize itself and strengthen the neural pathways used for that function.

Therefore, in order for individuals with cerebral palsy to improve hand functions, it is vital to consistently and repetitively practice tasks involving those functions. While rote hand exercises certainly can spark improvements, it is also possible (and more fun) to activate neuroplasticity through engaging games and activities.

Hand Exercises for Cerebral Palsy

Focusing on play-based hand exercises for cerebral palsy can be extremely beneficial. Not only do children learn best through play, but play is often so enjoyable that they can stay engaged for extended periods of time.

Therefore, using play can encourage children to practice hand exercises more frequently than focusing on more traditional hand exercises, which are likely less engaging. For this reason, the following list of hand exercises for cerebral palsy contains mostly play-based exercises, with just a few conventional exercises mixed in.

1. Building with Blocks

Building with blocks can be an excellent way to build fine motor skills. Individuals have the opportunity to practice grasping and manipulating the blocks, as well as to precisely position them into place.

As skills build, try using smaller blocks, as these will be more challenging to manipulate. Legos or magnetic tiles can be used as well. Following directions to create a specific structure may also challenge cognitive skills, such as visual memory and problem solving, making this a versatile therapeutic activity.

2. Creating Artwork

Hand functions are essential for using markers, paints, scissors and glue to create artwork. Arts and crafts activities can allow children to practice grasping and manipulating variously shaped utensils, strengthen hand muscles, and experiment with precision.

Encouraging children to use different pressures and stroke lengths when drawing or painting can result in a more comprehensive hand exercise. Additionally, squeezing out craft glue and cutting thicker materials, such as cardstock, can boost hand strength.

3. Making Jewelry

Stringing beads to create a necklace or bracelet can be a great way for children with cerebral palsy to work on developing their fine motor skills. Not only does this encourage fine motor precision, but it also addresses bilateral coordination, or the ability to use both sides of the body to accomplish one goal.

Start by stringing large beads on a pipe cleaner, and progress to using smaller beads and a thin string to increase the challenge. To practice picking up objects between the thumb and pointer finger, consider beginning with an assortment of beads and sorting them one by one into a bead organizer.

4. Molding and Sculpting

Molding playdough into different shapes is one of the best hand exercises for cerebral palsy that targets fine motor strength. Flattening, rolling, squeezing, and sculpting can strengthen the muscles of the hands and fingers. Furthermore, using tools provided in a playdough kit can provide even more ways to work on building fine motor strength and dexterity.

Mix it up by trying clay, slime, or kinetic sand. Some may even enjoy using a recipe to make playdough, which can require even more strength. Using therapy putty can also be helpful, as it comes pre-labeled with different levels of resistance.

5. Playing Games

Fine motor skills are essential for playing many different games. Here are a few of the many games that can be used to improve hand functions:

• Connect 4: manipulating game pieces into slots requires dexterity and precision
• Trouble: pressing the dice roller can improve hand strength, while grasping and moving game pieces requires fine motor precision
• Perfection: manipulating and placing pieces involves precision and speed
• Jenga: removing and gently placing blocks requires fine motor precision
• Pop the Pig: rolling dice, sliding small game pieces through the pig’s mouth slot, and pressing on the pig’s head to “pop” it makes this game a well-rounded activity for improving hand functions

Any games involving handling cards, moving small game pieces and/or manipulating objects can be used as a cerebral palsy hand exercise. Gamified rehabilitation devices, such as the MusicGlove, can also be beneficial.

Depending on the child’s current skill level, some games may be more appropriate than others. However, many games, such as Jenga and Connect 4, come in jumbo versions. These may be more suitable for those who initially struggle to grasp and manipulate standard-sized pieces.

6. Food Play

From decorating foods to making interactive snacks, there are a number of ways to integrate hand exercises into food-related activities. Here are a few examples:

• Sorting candy: buy a favorite candy, such as Skittles or M&M’s, and pick up each candy individually to sort by color
• Adding toppings: try arranging different toppings on pizza, decorating cookies, or squeezing out different types of sauces for dipping
• Using utensils: use a butterknife to spread peanut butter on crackers or chop a peeled banana, try using a toothpick to poke precut fruits or cheeses, or help with stirring ingredients into a simple recipe
• Snack-time fun: string cheerios on a toothpick or skewer, place raisins on top of celery stuffed with peanut butter, or dip pretzel sticks into peanut butter to use for “catching” goldfish

By adding hand exercises into a normal part of one’s daily routine, it is easy to practice targeted skills without having to designate a specific time for exercise. This can help individuals be more motivated to complete their exercises on a regular basis, and make exercising more enjoyable.

7. Playing at the Beach

The beach is a wonderful place to practice a variety of hand exercises for cerebral palsy. Between digging in the sand, making sandcastles, and collecting seashells, playing at the beach can involve a number of hand functions.

Wet sand is extremely easy to mold. Practicing squeezing, pressing, and scooping it can be a great way to strengthen the hand muscles. Grasping small items, such as seashells, rocks, and sandglass can also improve hand functions. Practicing placing these items carefully onto a sandcastle or arranging them in the sand can improve dexterity and manipulation skills.

The hand exercises outlined above can be a great starting point for individuals with cerebral palsy to begin thinking creatively about how to boost hand functions. Individuals, especially children, tend to be more motivated to complete activities that are enjoyable, so intertwining fun activities with hand exercises can be a great way to promote improvements. An occupational therapist can help children learn more about what hand exercises and activities may be most beneficial.

Understanding Hand Exercises for Cerebral Palsy

Almost any activity that involves the hands can be transformed into a hand exercise for cerebral palsy. While traditional exercises can promote improved hand functions, using unique and enjoyable hand exercises like those described above can also be beneficial.

Focusing on integrating hand exercises into everyday tasks, such as cooking or play, can make it easier to exercise the hands on a regular basis. Talking with an occupational therapist can help children discover even more personalized hand exercises for cerebral palsy that can be both engaging and beneficial.

The post 7 Engaging & Practical Hand Exercises for Cerebral Palsy appeared first on Flint Rehab.

The 7 vitamins for cerebral palsy presented here may help manage cerebral palsy symptoms and minimize the risk of further complications. While these nutrients cannot replace a healthy diet, they are an essential component of one. Thus, it is important to understand which vitamins are best for individuals with cerebral palsy in order to ensure adequate nutrients are being consumed.

Importance of Nutrition for Individuals with Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy is a developmental condition that results from damage to areas of the brain associated with movement in early life. Although the effects of cerebral palsy vary widely, individuals frequently experience difficulties with movement, balance, posture, and/or coordination.

Although cerebral palsy is not a progressive condition, individuals with cerebral palsy may experience worsening of symptoms without proper management techniques.

One important aspect of managing cerebral palsy is maintaining a healthy, nutrient-rich diet. Although everyone should strive toward healthy eating patterns, it is especially important for individuals with cerebral palsy to ensure they are providing their bodies with the nutrients they need.

This is because individuals with cerebral palsy are at a higher risk of developing growth and nutrition disorders. Without proper nutrition, individuals may experience decreased bone density and muscle mass, increasing the likelihood of further complications.

The primary reason individuals with cerebral palsy experience undernutrition is oral feeding difficulties. Since cerebral palsy may affect the muscles in and around the mouth, 30 to 40% of people with cerebral palsy have trouble with effectively chewing and swallowing their food. These challenges can even result in some individuals requiring a feeding tube.

With the difficulties surrounding oral food intake, as well as the increased importance of proper nutrition for those with cerebral palsy, it is especially vital to ensure the most beneficial nutrient-rich foods are being consumed. Focusing on eating a diet rich in the best minerals and vitamins for cerebral palsy can be great way to manage cerebral palsy effects and promote overall health.

The Best Vitamins for Cerebral Palsy

Individuals with cerebral palsy can greatly benefit from a diet packed with healthy foods. However, oftentimes it can be difficult to know which foods are best. Consulting with a dietician can provide clarity in this area.

Whether or not one chooses to work with a dietician, it can be helpful to know what some of the best minerals and vitamins for cerebral palsy are in order to make an informed decision about which foods to eat. While consuming essential minerals and vitamins for cerebral palsy through food is optimal, many benefit from using supplements to ensure they have filled their nutritional needs.

Below is a list of 7 of the best supplements, minerals and vitamins for cerebral palsy that boost brain function and help heal the body.

1. Vitamin C

In addition to being essential to many functions within the brain, Vitamin C is potent in antioxidants, which combat free radicals and prevent oxidative stress. Since oxidative stress may cause or increase memory loss and depression, which individuals with CP are already more vulnerable to, this antioxidant effect is especially beneficial.

Vitamin C also enhances the synthesis of norepinephrine, which is a neurotransmitter (chemical messenger in the brain) that improves focus and energy. It’s also crucial for maintaining bone health because of its involvement in gene regulation that influences bone development.

Citrus foods, such as oranges and grapefruit, tend to be excellent sources of vitamin C.

2. Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 keeps nerve cells healthy by forming the cell’s myelin sheath (a protective covering for axons). It also helps promote neurotransmitter signaling to help regulate mood, modulate the body’s stress response, and prevent memory loss.

Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with memory loss, depression, weak muscles, digestion problems, and irritability. These conditions are common among people with cerebral palsy.

Foods that are high in vitamin B12 include fortified cereals and seafood such as clams, trout, salmon, and tuna.

3. Calcium and Vitamin D

Calcium and vitamin D work hand in hand, and are necessary for the bone health of children with cerebral palsy. When individuals with cerebral palsy don’t receive adequate nutrition, they are at risk for malnutrition. This leads to weak bones that are susceptible to fractures.

Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium, which is essential for strengthening the bones. Nervous tissues also use energy from calcium to stimulate nerve impulses and regulate muscle contractions, making calcium essential for movement in addition to bone health.

Calcium and vitamin D can be found in dairy products, such as milk, yogurt and cheeses. Dark, leafy greens are also excellent sources of calcium, while fish is rich in vitamin D.

4. Magnesium

Over 75% of individuals with cerebral palsy experience spasticity (involuntary muscle contractions), making it difficult to move and eat effectively because their muscles continuously contract. Magnesium may reduce spasticity and increase range of motion by relaxing the muscles and promoting nerve function.

Magnesium may also help individuals with CP who experience gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and other digestion problems. It is used in laxatives, heartburn and upset stomach medications to relieve constipation, relax the muscles in the digestive tract, and neutralize stomach acid. Just like calcium, magnesium is essential for bone health and preventing osteoporosis.

High levels of magnesium can be found in legumes, nuts and dark, leafy greens such as spinach.

5. Zinc

Zinc plays an important role in the brain, influencing a variety of functions such as learning, memory, and mood. It promotes communication between neurons (brain cells) and regulates neurotransmitter activity.

Because children with cerebral palsy often have learning difficulties and mood swings, ensuring that they are not zinc-deficient may boost their cognitive abilities and reduce emotional outbursts.

One of the best sources of zinc is oysters. Others sources include meat and fish.

6. Omega-3

Omega-3 fatty acids are essential for brain development and the maintenance of brain function throughout life. Omega-3s can be found in fish oil or flaxseed supplements. DHA is a type of omega-3 that regulates nerve growth and has neuroprotective effects.

Children with cerebral palsy who have learning difficulties may benefit from omega-3, as it helps improve cognitive functions such as learning and memory. Studies suggest that omega-3s may promote muscle, joint, and bone health, which is fundamental for impaired movement.

Fatty fish and nuts are often high in omega-3 fatty acids.

7. Probiotics

Eating probiotics has been shown to promote digestive health, reduce constipation, and increase immune cells in individuals with cerebral palsy. Probiotics increase healthy bacteria in the gut, which is essential as many individuals with cerebral palsy experience digestive problems.

Furthermore, since the gut and brain are connected through biochemical signaling, good bacteria levels in the gut allow for the production of neurotransmitters that improve mood and brain function. In fact, 99% of serotonin (the ‘feel good’ chemical) is made in the digestive tract. Therefore, probiotics may help with not only with digestion, but also with cognitive functions and overall mental health.

Yogurt and kefir are two of the best sources of probiotics.

Vitamins for Cerebral Palsy Should Not Replace a Healthy Diet

While consuming adequate amounts of minerals and vitamins for cerebral palsy is important, these nutrients should be used to supplement a healthy diet, rather than completely replace nutritional foods. Some individuals with cerebral palsy can get all their essential nutrients through proper nutrition, so supplements should only be taken when necessary.

It is important to note that vitamins won’t cure an individual’s motor impairments or heal their brain damage. Instead, adding appropriate minerals and vitamins for cerebral palsy can promote the health of the brain, bones, muscles, and digestive system, limiting the probability of complications.

If your child has difficulties chewing, consider blending their food so that it is easier to swallow. A speech therapist or dietician may be able to give further insight into appropriate foods for individuals with feeding difficulties in order to optimize their dietary intake.

Understanding Vitamins for Cerebral Palsy

Individuals with cerebral palsy are at an increased risk for malnutrition, primarily due to feeding challenges. Focusing on eating a healthy diet while ensuring that all nutritional needs are being met is an important component of managing cerebral palsy.

When individuals with cerebral palsy are unable to consume the minerals and vitamins they need, the risk of complications increases. Therefore, it is vital to include adequate minerals and vitamins for cerebral palsy in one’s diet, utilizing supplements as necessary.

Consulting with a dietician can help individuals with cerebral palsy and their families learn what foods and nutrients they need to lead a healthy lifestyle and minimize the risk of further complications.

Understanding which vitamins for cerebral palsy are most beneficial can help individuals focus on eating a healthy diet that meets their needs.

The post The Best Vitamins for Cerebral Palsy: Which Supplements Help Boost Recovery? appeared first on Flint Rehab.

To help you understand what to expect when cerebral palsy affects the muscles in the face, this article will discuss:

• Is it common for cerebral palsy to affect the face?
• What are the effects of motor impairments in the face?
• What’s the difference between cerebral palsy and Bell’s palsy?
• Is it possible to treat motor impairments in the face?
• How to manage cerebral palsy that affects the facial muscles

Is It Common for Cerebral Palsy to Affect the Face?

Cerebral palsy is the result of damage to the areas of the brain that control motor functions. Depending on the location and severity of the damage, voluntary control over the muscles throughout the body can be affected. This can include a  decreased ability to use the muscles in the face.

Motor impairments in the face can occur in all types of cerebral palsy (spastic, dyskinetic, and ataxic). However, they are more common in individuals with dyskinetic cerebral palsy than spastic or ataxic forms.

Additionally, the prevalence of facial motor impairments in individuals with cerebral palsy increases as overall gross motor function decreases. This means that the more severe the individual’s cerebral palsy becomes, the more likely it is for the facial muscles to be affected.

Motor impairments in the face are common amongst individuals with cerebral palsy. In fact, research suggests that:

• 25% of individuals with CP are non-verbal
• 1 in 15 individuals with CP require non-oral feeding
• 50% of individuals with CP experience motor-based speech impairments (dysarthria)

In the following section, we’ll discuss the effects of facial motor impairments in individuals with cerebral palsy.

Effects of Facial Motor Impairments in Individuals with Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy can affect various muscles in the face, including the ones that control the tongue, throat, and mouth. These muscle groups we use both voluntarily and involuntarily. This can affect a wide range of functions, making it challenging to communicate, eat, and breathe.

Secondary effects of facial motor impairments include:

• Difficulties with chewing and swallowing
• Drooling
• Choking
• Difficulties controlling breathing
• Impaired speech or inability to speak
• Difficulties with facial expression
• Prolonged feeding times
• Snoring
• Malnutrition and consequently impaired growth
• Quiet or soft speech

Many of these symptoms can cause individuals with cerebral palsy to experience social isolation, which can lead to loneliness and a decrease in overall emotional wellbeing. It’s important to understand that if an individual uses an alternative form of communication, it does not mean that they are any less intelligent.

Many individuals with cerebral palsy can understand what you are saying and know what they want to say back. However, their facial motor impairments may prevent them from communicating their thoughts verbally.

What’s the Difference Between Cerebral Palsy and Bell’s Palsy?

Cerebral palsy and Bell’s palsy are conditions that can cause weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles. However, there are several distinct differences between the two.

Bell’s palsy is most commonly characterized by paralysis of one side (left or right) of the face. As a result, individuals with Bell’s palsy often demonstrate drooping of the mouth and eyelid on the affected side of the face. Although rare, there are instances where Bell’s palsy affects both sides of the face. Additionally, Bell’s palsy is a temporary condition caused by dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system and most people recover full control over their facial muscles.

In contrast, cerebral palsy is a lifelong condition caused by damage to the central nervous system. Cerebral palsy can cause weakness throughout the entire body, not just the face. Additionally, it often affects both sides of the face, which can make it difficult to chew, speak, and swallow.

Luckily, many individuals with cerebral palsy may be able to improve motor control in the face by engaging their brain’s natural ability to adapt, neuroplasticity. Up next, we’ll discuss what neuroplasticity is and the most effective way to promote it.

Is it Possible to Treat Motor Impairments in the Face?

Lack of facial control in individuals with cerebral palsy is caused by damage to the brain, not the muscles. Therefore, to improve these functions, you must target adaptive changes in the brain.

Neuroplasticity is the brain’s ability to make neuroadaptive changes based on the behaviors we repetitively practice. The key to strengthening control over the facial muscles is to consistently engage them.

Task-specific and repetitive practice helps stimulate the brain and reinforces demand for those functions. As a result, facial functions affected by brain damage can be rewired to unaffected regions of the brain and strengthened for active use.

Up next, we’ll discuss management interventions that can help individuals with cerebral palsy promote neuroplasticity or compensate for lack of facial motor control.

How to Manage Cerebral Palsy that Affects the Face

Every case of cerebral palsy is unique and individuals may experience various degrees of facial motor impairments. Management techniques should be personalized for each individual’s specific functional outcomes.

Below, we’ll discuss interventions that can help individuals with cerebral palsy manage facial motor impairments.

Participate in Speech Therapy

Participating in speech therapy can help individuals with facial motor impairments strengthen their communication and feeding skills. A speech-language pathologist can assess the severity of one’s facial motor impairments and create a custom rehabilitation plan consisting of activities and exercises to help strengthen the facial muscles, improve communication skills, and increase social participation.

They may also use specialized electrical stimulation devices for the face, such as VitalStim, to promote increased communication between the orofacial muscles and the brain.

Implement New Feeding Techniques

Another helpful way to manage facial impairments is to implement adapted feeding techniques. This may include:

• Blending food to change the consistency, reduce chewing, limit the likelihood of choking, and make food easier to swallow
• Thickening drinks to reduce the likelihood of aspiration (breathing liquid into the lungs)
• Scheduling longer meal times
• Using a surgically-inserted feeding tube
• Taking supplements to help fill in gaps in nutrition

These practices can help ensure that children with cerebral palsy have adequate nutritional intake to support optimal growth and development.

Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication

Individuals with severe facial muscle impairments may be unable to generate verbal speech. To compensate and allow the individual to be an effective communicator, a speech-language pathologist may recommend learning how to use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC).

AAC consists of using various techniques and devices such as communication boards, gestures, and voice generators to effectively communicate with others.

Use Speech Therapy Apps

One way to practice more repetitions of facial muscle exercises and promote neuroplasticity is to download speech therapy apps onto your phone or tablet. For example, the CT speech and cognitive therapy app includes over 100,000 speech therapy exercises designed by speech-language pathologists. Speech therapy apps provide 24/7 access to effective speech therapy activities so you can practice wherever and whenever is convenient for you.

Practice Correct Posture

Compromised posture can limit lung capacity and make it challenging for individuals to breathe normally. Along with difficulties controlling the muscles that make up the mouth, individuals with cerebral palsy may be susceptible to respiratory complications.

By promoting correct posture (through the use of orthotic devices and practicing core-strengthening exercises), individuals can improve breathing efficiency. This may lead to less fatigue and improved functioning of the body due to increased oxygen supply.

How Cerebral Palsy Affects the Face

Cerebral palsy can affect motor functions throughout the entire body, including the face. As a result, individuals may struggle with communication, feeding, and breathing. Fortunately, there are several ways to ensure that individuals with facial motor impairments receive adequate nutrition and learn to be effective communicators.

We hope this article helps you understand how cerebral palsy can affect the muscles in the face and know that treatment options are available to improve your quality of life.

The post Can Cerebral Palsy Affect the Face? Statistics, Treatment, & Management Techniques appeared first on Flint Rehab.

Mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression can interfere with motivation to participate in therapy regardless of whether the individual with cerebral palsy is a child or an adult. To help you understand the link between cerebral palsy and mental health disorders, this article will discuss:

• Causes
• Mental health in youth and adults
• Signs
• Treatment

What Causes Mental Health Problems in People with Cerebral Palsy?

There are several categories of mental health disorders. Some common issues that individuals with cerebral palsy may struggle with include:

• Mood affective disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder
• Anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder
• Adult personality and behavior disorders such as antisocial or avoidant personality disorder

The prevalence of mental health disorders in individuals with cerebral palsy is not necessarily related to the severity of one’s disability. Rather, it’s more closely related to levels of stress, pain, fatigue, and perception of belonging.

Some social situations that can increase the risk of mental health disorders in individuals with cerebral palsy include:

• Bullying or teasing
• Abuse
• Inability to learn as quickly as peers
• Loneliness

All these situations have something in common: they make the individual feel different. This can cause a ripple effect into someone’s mental health and cascade into their physical health, too.

Poor sleeping patterns, low physical activity, and pain (which are all commonly experienced by people with cerebral palsy) also increase the risk of developing mental health disorders. For example, individuals with chronic pain may have reduced sleep quality, which can consequently lead to lower energy levels to participate in physical activity.

Cerebral Palsy and Mental Health in Children and Adults

Some experts say that youth with cerebral palsy are particularly vulnerable to mental health problems. It’s helpful to treat mental health regardless of age, though. No matter what stage of life someone is in, mental health should be treated as a priority.

Studies show that adults with CP have a greater risk of mental health disorders than those without CP, especially individuals with comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders like autism or epilepsy.

It’s important to address mental health concerns early, as it can lead to a vicious cycle of getting worse as time goes on or a virtuous cycle of improving as the individual moves into adulthood. During a vicious cycle, an individual’s CP may cause mental health distress which drains energy and motivation for rehabilitation. Without rehabilitation, the individual’s mobility, self-care, and communication skills may worsen, which may increase feelings of isolation.

However, during a virtuous cycle, an individual receives early intervention for mental health, which may increase their energy and motivation for therapy. With consistent therapy over time, their mobility, ability to perform personal care, and communication skills will likely improve. This can increase feelings of self-efficacy, self-esteem, and other positive feelings.

Because of this, individuals with cerebral palsy should seek counsel for any mental health concerns, and clinicians should be advised to help in any way possible, regardless of the person’s age.

Signs of Mental Health Problems in Children and Adults

Behavioral changes are often among the first outward signs of a mental health disorder in children. As such, being able to recognize when someone is showing signs of behavioral challenges is crucial to preventing mental health disorders from progressing.

According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, symptoms of mental health conditions in young children include:

• Changes in school performance
• Excessive anxiety
• Hyperactive behavior
• Frequent nightmares
• Aggressive or disobedient behavior
• Frequent temper tantrums
• Withdrawal from activities they usually enjoy

In moderation, these behaviors are typical of young children; however, when they occur excessively, they may suggest the need for help from a mental/behavioral health professional.

Adults tend to have greater self-awareness than children. However, it can still help to understand the signs of a mental health disorder in adults, which include:

• Excessive worry, fear, or feelings of sadness
• Extreme mood changes, including uncontrollable “highs” or feelings of euphoria
• Avoiding friends and social activities
• Difficulties understanding or relating to other people
• Changes in sleeping habits or feeling tired and low on energy
• Thinking about suicide

If you or a loved one ever think about suicide, or need help with your mental health, contact the NAMI HelpLine to find out what services and supports are available to you.

Treatments for Cerebral Palsy and Mental Health Disorders

For non-urgent mental health concerns, such as persistent anxiety and depression, don’t be afraid to reach out to your doctor or a mental health professional. Seeking professional help is necessary to get a proper diagnosis and treatment.

Mental health disorders are generally treated through behavioral psychotherapy or medications. In therapy, individuals can benefit from talking about their struggles in a judgment-free environment. They can also learn practical ways to cope and improve their thought patterns.

For individuals that wish to receive more help, talk to your doctor to see if medications such as antidepressants are a good fit for you. Keep in mind that medications for mental disorders may cause further motor impairment. Make sure to notify your doctor if you experience reduced motor function. You may be prescribed a different medication to prevent further functional impairment.

Understanding Cerebral Palsy and Mental Health

There is growing awareness around mental health concerns in both youth and adults with cerebral palsy. By pursuing treatment through psychotherapy or medication, individuals can encourage a virtuous cycle of improved mental and physical health.

If you are a parent of a child with cerebral palsy, it’s important to be aware of behaviors that may point to the development of mental health disorders. And if you are an adult with CP, you can take care of your mental health by seeking help and talking to someone.

Mental health professionals are great resources and would make a great addition to your medical team/regimen. We hope this article helped you understand how to pursue improved mental health with CP.

The post Cerebral Palsy and Mental Health: Why Psychological Care Matters appeared first on Flint Rehab.

To help you understand the connection between cerebral palsy and intellectual disabilities, this article will discuss:

• Does cerebral palsy affect intelligence?
• Signs of an intellectual disability
• How motor impairment can be mistaken for intellectual impairment
• Management interventions

Does Cerebral Palsy Affect Intelligence?

Cerebral palsy is a neurologically-based motor disability. Individuals with cerebral palsy have sustained brain damage to areas of the brain associated with movement. This damage results in impaired motor skills, such as irregular movements, high or low muscle tone, and poor posture. However, up to 50% of individuals with cerebral palsy also experience intellectual impairments.

Intellectual disabilities are an associative condition of cerebral palsy, which means the two conditions often occur together. However, cerebral palsy and intellectual disability are not directly related because they are caused by damage to two separate areas of the brain.

Cerebral palsy is caused by damage to areas of the developing brain that regulate movement, including the motor cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, and/or cerebellum. When an individual with cerebral palsy has an intellectual disability, it is because areas of the brain associated with cognitive functioning are also damaged.

Generally, intellectual disabilities are more common amongst individuals with more severe forms of cerebral palsy. This is because more severe motor impairments are associated with greater amounts of damage to the brain.

To understand how to identify an intellectual disability in individuals with cerebral palsy, the following section will discuss common signs.

Signs of an Intellectual Disability

While cerebral palsy does not cause intellectual disability, the two conditions co-occur often enough that it’s worth being aware of potential signs of impaired cognition. The sooner an intellectual disability is diagnosed, the earlier therapeutic intervention can begin.

Intellectual disabilities can present themselves differently in each individual. Depending on the severity of the brain damage, intellectual disabilities can be mild (IQ 50-70), moderate (IQ 36-49), severe (IQ 20-35), or profound (IQ below 20). Milder intellectual impairments may go unnoticed in young children and become more apparent as they get older.

Signs of intellectual disability include:

• Difficulties communicating
• Delayed responses
• Poor memory
• Emotional outbursts
• Difficulties with logical thinking and problem-solving
• Developmental delays (language, crawling, walking, etc.)
• Avoiding social interaction
• Poor concentration
• Inability to recognize familiar voices or faces
• Difficulty processing auditory or visual stimuli

While these signs aren’t absolute indicators of an intellectual disability, they can serve as a sign to speak with your child’s doctor for an official diagnosis. Early intervention may prevent the development of problematic behaviors like self-harm and aggression.

Up next, we’ll discuss how motor impairments can be mistaken for an intellectual disability.

Measuring Intelligence in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Often, an individual’s motor impairments can cause them to struggle with communication despite having completely normal intellectual capacity. Therefore, it is essential to make accommodations to accurately identify if an individual with cerebral palsy has impaired intelligence.

To diagnose an intellectual disability, children are often asked to take a cognitive assessment. However, many pediatric cognitive assessments can cause children with cerebral palsy to score much lower than their actual intellectual capacity because their motor impairments are not accounted for.

For example, children with impaired oral motor skills may not perform well on a verbal subscale, and children with poor fine motor skills may not be able to point to objects or fill in answers accurately. Therefore, a traditional cognitive assessment may not provide the best measure of a child’s cognitive abilities.

When testing children with cerebral palsy for cognitive impairments, it’s essential to consider their motor impairments. This may involve having them take a completely different type of test or allowing more time to complete it.

In the following section, we’ll discuss various interventions that may help children with cerebral palsy manage their intellectual disabilities.

Managing Intellectual Disabilities in Children with Cerebral Palsy

While an intellectual disability can interfere with an individual’s ability to interact with their surroundings and care for themselves, there are management interventions that can help significantly improve one’s quality of life.

Management for intellectual disabilities in individuals with cerebral palsy may include:

Educational Assistance

Educational assistance can help provide the personalized support and attention your child needs to succeed academically. Legally, schools must provide reasonable accommodations (often through an Individualized Education Program, or IEP) to help individuals with intellectual disabilities learn and succeed.

Speech Therapy

Speech therapy techniques can help individuals develop their articulation, listening, and receptive language skills. If someone with cerebral palsy is non-verbal, a speech-language pathologist may teach them how to use augmentative and alternative communication methods to improve their communication skills. They may also help individuals learn ways to improve or compensate for cognitive difficulties.

Occupational Therapy

Occupational therapy focuses on developing an individual’s functional independence. This may involve practicing everyday activities or learning how to use adaptive tools to compensate for restricted movements.

Physical Therapy

Physical therapy focuses on improving an individual’s motor functions through the repetitive practice of targeted exercises. While this mainly addresses motor improvement, it’s an essential part of cerebral palsy management that can help improve overall quality of life.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on improving negative thought patterns, such as those associated with depression and anxiety, which those with cerebral palsy and intellectual disabilities may experience. Additionally, it focuses on identifying problem behaviors and replacing them using positive reinforcement. This can promote improved skills in areas such as communication and problem-solving.

Everyone experiences cerebral palsy and intellectual impairments differently. Participating in various management interventions will provide your child with the personalized care they need to address their specific weaknesses.

Cerebral Palsy and Intelligence: Key Points

While cerebral palsy does not affect intelligence, many individuals with CP experience co-occurring intellectual disabilities. However, the two conditions are caused by damage to two separate areas of the brain.  With the right support and management, individuals with intellectual disabilities can learn how to maximize their independence and engage in everyday life.

The post Does Cerebral Palsy Affect Intelligence? Understanding Cognitive Effects appeared first on Flint Rehab.

This article will explore the relationship between cerebral palsy and pregnancy. Use the links below to jump straight to any section.

• Cerebral palsy and pregnancy facts
• How pregnancy affects your body
• How cerebral palsy can affect pregnancy
• Will my child have cerebral palsy?

Important Facts About Cerebral Palsy and Pregnancy

Cerebral palsy is a motor disability caused by damage to the developing brain before, during, or shortly after birth. Although there is no “cure” for cerebral palsy, many individuals with CP are able to manage their symptoms and lead very fulfilling lives, including having a family.

Both men and women alike may wonder if people with cerebral palsy can have kids. They are often glad to find out that becoming pregnant is possible, regardless of whether the prospective mother, father or both have cerebral palsy. In fact, while only 30% of individuals with CP live with a partner, about one third of these individuals will have one or more biological children.

While cerebral palsy and pregnancy can both greatly affect one’s life, each individual will experience these conditions differently. Depending on the severity of cerebral palsy and which areas of the body are affected, pregnancy may be significantly more or less challenging.

However, if a woman with cerebral palsy wants to have a baby, there are many ways for her to carry a baby safely and successfully with the appropriate considerations.

Can Men with Cerebral Palsy Have Children?

Men with cerebral palsy may also be concerned about their ability to have children. However, cerebral palsy has no effect on fertility. Therefore, men with cerebral palsy are just as likely to have children if desired as those without.

How Pregnancy Affects Your Body

There are many changes that occur during pregnancy. Some changes, such as increasing in size and carrying extra weight, occur during pregnancy for every woman. Other changes, such as experiencing morning sickness and swelling of the ankles and feet, occur only in some women.

Furthermore, every pregnancy is different. Having an especially challenging first pregnancy does not mean that the next one will be equally difficult. Conversely, having one “easy” pregnancy does not mean that the next will be just as straight-forward. However, with the appropriate expectations and preparation, women are often able to have a positive pregnancy experience.

In order to be properly prepared, it’s crucial to think about the possible ways that your body will change during pregnancy.

Common symptoms associated with pregnancy include:

• Nausea
• Increased urination
• Fatigue
• Bloating
• Cramping
• Congestion
• Constipation
• Abdominal pain or backaches
• Swelling of the feet and ankles
• Changes in skin color
• Weight gain

Pregnant women with CP should consider how these complications can affect their ability to participate in their usual daily routines.

It’s a good idea to figure out the little details like:

• Will you need a caregiver?
• Can you perform transfers independently, even when carrying extra weight?
• How close are the bathrooms from areas you frequent?

It is a good idea to talk with your doctor before becoming pregnant or during the early stages of pregnancy. They can provide recommendations for a healthy pregnancy, such as specific fitness exercises, healthy foods to eat, and/or medication modifications.

While there may be extra factors to consider, making accommodations for potential challenges beforehand can make experiencing pregnancy easier.

How Cerebral Palsy Can Affect Pregnancy

Cerebral palsy affects a person’s movements, posture, and balance.

One of the most common symptoms of cerebral palsy is spasticity (involuntary muscle contractions). Spasticity can cause excess strain on the joints and restrict range of motion. Throughout pregnancy, women will gradually gain weight, which will also add more stress to the joints. This can increase the risk of becoming injured even during regular daily activities.

When combined with pregnancy symptoms, the mobility of women with cerebral palsy can be drastically limited. Due to changes in their center of gravity and carrying extra weight, women may be more prone to falls. Falling may result in injury not only to the mother, but also to their unborn child.

Therefore, during pregnancy, women with cerebral palsy need to be especially cautious. With appropriate safety measures in place, women who have cerebral palsy during pregnancy can minimize their risk of injury and safely carry their child.

It may be a good idea for women who usually use walking aids to switch over to a wheelchair temporarily to prevent accidents and ensure their safety, as well as the safety of their unborn baby. Discuss this with your doctor, and ensure that you continue to move and exercise your legs, even if you are using a wheelchair for much of the day.

Frequent prenatal appointments are also essential to monitor the mother’s health and that of her unborn child. These appointments are especially important as the baby’s due date nears. This is because women with cerebral palsy are more likely to have their baby preterm, although the risk of having a preemie is still relatively low.

Furthermore, women with cerebral palsy are also more likely to have a C-section or be induced, rather than naturally progressing into labor. Their baby may also have a lower Apgar score (an evaluation for newborn health) at 5 minutes after delivery than a baby born to a mother without CP. However, with appropriate prenatal care and attention during the labor and delivery process, many women with CP can have a safe pregnancy and deliver a healthy baby.

Will My Child Have Cerebral Palsy?

The onset of the majority (80%) of cerebral palsy cases occurs before birth, during pregnancy. However, just because a parent has cerebral palsy does not mean that their child will also have cerebral palsy. In fact, a child with a parent that has cerebral palsy is no more likely to develop cerebral palsy than a child with a parent that does not have CP.

Common prenatal causes of cerebral palsy include:

• Premature birth
• Bleeding in the brain
• Brain infections
• Genetic factors
• Lack of oxygen in the brain
• Abnormal brain development

Therefore, although genetic factors may contribute to an infant being born with cerebral palsy, there are many other contributing factors. It is important to note that there is no single gene responsible for CP. Rather, it’s a combination of many genetic mutations that can increase one’s chances of abnormal brain development.

With this information in mind, men and women with cerebral palsy should not avoid having children simply out of concern that they could pass it to their child.

Understanding Cerebral Palsy and Pregnancy: Key Points

Cerebral palsy does not affect one’s fertility, but its associated motor impairments can make pregnancy more challenging.

Cerebral palsy is not passed down genetically. Just because one or both parents have CP does not mean that their child will also have cerebral palsy. It’s essential for pregnant women to manage their CP symptoms to maximize their mobility and ensure the safety of their babies.

Hopefully, this article helped you better understand the link between cerebral palsy and pregnancy. Men and women with cerebral palsy can become excellent parents if they desire to have children.

The post Cerebral Palsy and Pregnancy: Understanding the Risks and Promoting a Safe Delivery appeared first on Flint Rehab.

This guide will explore the various signs and symptoms of cerebral palsy at various stages of a person’s life. Please use the links below to jump straight to any section of this article.

Signs and symptoms of cerebral palsy in:

• Infants
• Toddlers
• Adults
• Spastic CP
• Other types of CP

Signs of Cerebral Palsy in Infants

Cerebral palsy is a condition that starts early in life as it is caused by damage to the brain before, during, or shortly after birth. Because of the early onset, it might seem like infants should show obvious signs if they have cerebral palsy or not. However, since cerebral palsy presents itself outwardly through motor impairments, it can be challenging to diagnose it in infants under age 1.

The motor skills of infants are still developing and changing rapidly. Therefore, it’s hard to spot motor impairments like poor fine motor skills or abnormal walking patterns in infants, even though they’re easier to recognize in adults. Furthermore, when the signs and symptoms of cerebral palsy are mild, diagnosing cerebral palsy in infants is even harder.

With this in mind, there are some common signs of cerebral palsy in infants:

Developmental Delays

Possibly the most common sign of cerebral palsy in infants is developmental delays. There are specific developmental milestones that infants achieve as they grow. All infants progress at their own pace, however infants with cerebral palsy often may not progress toward major developmental milestones as quickly as expected.

Examples of developmental milestones include:

• 2 months: able to lift their head, move arms and legs evenly
• 4 months: able to reach for and grasp objects, sit upright with assistance, roll over
• 6 months: able to sit up independently, babble, use both hands to handle objects
• 9 months: able to crawl, pull up to stand, use a pincer grip, purposefully engage with toys
• 1 year: able to stand and sit down independently, point to objects, may be walking or using simple words.

Children may fall behind in meeting these milestones regardless of whether or not they have cerebral palsy. It is important to check with your doctor if you feel that your infant is not progressing as they should. However, doctors can be hesitant to officially diagnose milder cases of cerebral palsy at such an early age as infants often “grow out” of cerebral palsy-like symptoms by age 2.

Irregular Muscle Tone

Another sign of cerebral palsy in infants is abnormally high or low muscle tone. High muscle tone (spasticity) results in stiff movements and is characteristic of the most common type of CP, called spastic cerebral palsy. Infants with spasticity may demonstrate prolonged hand clenching, leg crossing, or bent knees.

On the other hand, those with low muscle tone (hypotonia) can be identified by lack of strength, floppy limbs, and inadequate head control. Generally, infants with only low muscle tone have ataxic cerebral palsy.

Infants with dyskinetic cerebral palsy will experience uncontrollable fluctuations between both high and low muscle tone, which can make it appear as if they are always moving.

Tremors

Although not as common, if you notice your infant’s arm starts shaking as they reach for objects, they may have ataxic cerebral palsy. This type of cerebral palsy causes a lack of balance and coordination. Purposeful movements can overwhelm the cerebellum (which is responsible for fine-tuning and precision) and cause tremors.

Poor feeding

Cerebral palsy can affect all different parts of the body, including the muscles in the mouth. If your child doesn’t seem to eat very much, it may be a sign of an oral motor impairment. This can make it difficult for your child to open or close the mouth and swallow. You can generally identify feeding difficulties easily and should report them to a doctor quickly to prevent malnutrition.

Although it may be challenging to find out that your infant has cerebral palsy, early diagnosis is ideal for promoting optimal motor development. The brains of infants experience high levels of neuroplasticity, or their ability to adapt and rewire themselves to learn and improve skills. Taking advantage of early intervention therapies during a child’s first year can help your infant continue progressing toward appropriate developmental milestones and minimize or even prevent future complications.

Signs of Cerebral Palsy in Toddlers

Since toddlers are typically further along in their development of motor skills, it is often easier to identify signs of cerebral palsy in toddlers. In fact, while most cases of cerebral palsy are diagnosed by the time the child reaches 1 or 2 years old, milder cases of cerebral palsy may not be diagnosed until the child is 4 or 5.

There are similar signs and symptoms of cerebral palsy in toddlers and infants such as slower progression toward developmental milestones, irregular muscle tone and poor feeding. However, some signs of cerebral palsy appear in toddlers but not in infants. Let’s take a look at a few of these examples.

Abnormal Gait

In toddlers with cerebral palsy, uneven muscle pull can result in abnormal walking patterns, including consistent tiptoeing, crouch gait, and scissor gait. Toddlers with cerebral palsy who struggle with balance may continue to walk with their feet spread far apart because it creates a more stable base and will prevent them from falling. These atypical walking patterns may be signs of cerebral palsy.

Speech Difficulties

By 2 years old, your toddler should be piecing words together. If you notice significantly delayed responses, poor pronunciation, stuttering, or jumbled speech, your toddler may have difficulties controlling the muscles in their mouth.

Also related to oral motor impairments are breathing difficulties. If your toddler struggles to breathe in between words or has nasally speech, this may also be a sign of cerebral palsy.

Poor Coordination

If your toddler has difficulties with fine motor tasks, such as grabbing and picking up small objects, using silverware, or holding up a pencil, they may have ataxic cerebral palsy. This type of cerebral palsy causes poor balance and coordination.

Although the above signs do not “prove” that your toddler has cerebral palsy, they may be causes for concern. Discuss any motor impairments you notice with your toddler’s pediatrician.

While toddlers have had some time to develop poor movement patterns and habits, they still can benefit from early intervention methods to minimize the effects of cerebral palsy on their development and promote optimal functional abilities.

Cerebral Palsy Symptoms in Adults

Not unlike the signs of cerebral palsy in infants and toddlers, cerebral palsy symptoms in adults include irregular muscle tone, abnormal walking patterns, and poor balance and coordination. However, adults are unique in that they have had many years to either focus on managing their cerebral palsy symptoms, or allowing these symptoms to progress.

Adults who have been actively managing their cerebral palsy symptoms may still experience irregular muscle tone and difficulties with coordination. However, they may have improved their gait patterns, and addressed communication and feeding difficulties through compensatory techniques.

Adults with milder cases of cerebral palsy are often able to live fully independent lives by appropriately managing their symptoms. Even those with more severe cases can limit the progression of their symptoms and prevent complications through active management techniques.

Passively “living with” cerebral palsy symptoms may result in increased symptom severity over time. Although the brain damage that caused cerebral palsy in early life does not change, the associated motor impairments may worsen if not addressed. Therefore, some adults with cerebral palsy may have more spasticity or develop further complications, such as chronic pain, fatigue, joint contractures, and incontinence.

While the signs and symptoms of cerebral palsy change with age, they also vary greatly depending on the type of cerebral palsy. There are four main types of cerebral palsy: spastic, dyskinetic, ataxic and mixed.

Spastic Cerebral Palsy Symptoms

The vast majority of individuals with cerebral palsy experience spastic CP. As its name suggests, this type of CP is characterized by spasticity, which involves stiffness in the affected muscles. Anywhere from one limb to the entire body may be affected.

Other common spastic cerebral palsy symptoms include:

• Stiff, slow, or rigid movements
• Abnormal gait patterns
• Difficulties with balance
• Chronic pain
• Clenching of the fingers or toes
• Chewing, swallowing, or speaking difficulties

Since spastic cerebral palsy varies in severity and in which areas of the body it affects, it can present itself very differently in each individual.

Signs and Symptoms of Other Types of Cerebral Palsy

Dyskinetic, ataxic, and mixed cerebral palsy make up only about 20% of cerebral palsy cases.

Dyskinetic CP is distinguished from the other types of CP by its uncontrollable movements. Some movements are characterized by repetitive, twisting motions and abnormal postures (a condition called dystonia), while other movements are rapid and jerky due to fluctuating muscle tone (a condition called choreoathetosis).

Difficulties with balance and coordination are the main symptoms associated with ataxic cerebral palsy. Individuals with this type of CP often have low muscle tone, limited fine motor skills, speech difficulties, and poor posture. Due to difficulties with balance, they may walk with a wide-based gait and experience frequent falls.

Mixed cerebral palsy involves a combination of any of the above types of CP. Although symptoms of mixed CP may vary depending on the areas of brain damage involved, it most often presents as a combination of spastic and dyskinetic CP.

Understanding Signs and Symptoms of Cerebral Palsy: Key Points

Cerebral palsy can result in many different signs and symptoms throughout one’s lifetime. While it can be difficult to see signs and symptoms of CP in infants, they begin to become more prominent in toddlers. Depending on how dedicated individuals are to managing their symptoms, adults may have similar symptoms to those experienced in childhood or they may have improved.

It is important to remember that regardless of the type or severity of CP, you can always work on improving and managing your symptoms at any age for a better quality of life.

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